Considered the cradle of American civilization, the Sacred City of Caral (Located in the valley of Supe) 182 kilometers north of Lima, just 350 meters above sea level and only 23 kilometers from the coast, it is estimated that the culture of Caral It was the first to develop urban centers throughout the American continent, so it is attributed the title of the oldest city in America, it is also estimated that the culture of Caral was developed from approximately 3000 to 1800 BC, almost in the At the same time as the cultures of Egypt, India, Sumeria and China, due to this and all the archaeological remains found in the sector where what is possibly the capital of this culture, UNESCO declared it as a World Heritage Site in June 2009, which is added to the already 10 sites with this recognition in Peru, along with Machupicchu, Chavin, Chan Chan, Manú, Nazca, etc.
The city of Caral was an urban complex formed by different constructions, the majority of the city is built on a terrace, which protected them from natural disasters such as floods, mudslides, etc. Most of the buildings are built with stone, mud and wood from dead and / or very old trees, which makes them the first ecological and sustainable civilization due to their great respect for nature.
Due to the other cultures that were developing at that time, Caral's culture had to be developed by its own means, which made it possible to advance almost 1800 years to cultures of Mesoamerica, it should be noted that the great part of all knowledge that they acquired was based on agriculture, which includes irrigation canals; their knowledge also seize textiles, natural medicine, basic goldsmithing for the creation of tools, they also developed astronomy, which led to the creation of its agricultural climatic calendar, for the celebration of festivals and rituals, economic, civic activities; It should also be noted that within the pyramid "the gallery" could be found what would be a Quipu, used as an instrument in their accounting as well as the conservation of statistical information and messages, which makes it the first quipu in Peru as well as its use since ancient times, its knowledge in music although not so broad is also praiseworthy for a culture of 5000 years ago, 38 horns were found made with huanaco bone and deer, 32 flutes made with condor bone and pelican and 4 antaras made with reed and cotton threads.
However, it should be noted that their training in construction is really surprising and shows the use of Shicras (bags of vegetable fiber stuffed with stone), which were placed on the bases of buildings to limit movement in cases of earthquakes and then the Shicras were rearranged giving the structure solidity in its bases, among its many constructions are not only the pyramids but also the construction of the Rough which is situated on the coast near the mouth of the Supe River and which would be evidence found its fishing capital of the great culture of Caral, in this place would be the first remains of human sacrifice (two children and a newborn), then, by 2016 would also be the remains of a woman who presumably could belong to the local elite approximately 4500 years ago, other places that are in the Supe Valley and that belonged to this great culture were Miraya, Allpacoto, Chupacigarro, Lurihuasi, among others.
To get to the archaeological complex of Caral, you must take the Pan-American Highway North, then at kilometer 184 you must follow the detour that unfolds on the right bank of the Supe River, through there you will reach the town of Caral where you must follow the route until you reach the tourist lookout on the pedestrian bridge, from there a walk (you have no other option) for about 30 minutes at a slow pace to the main door of the Sacred City of Caral, there you can visit throughout the day (if you wish) the archaeological complex, because it has 66 hectares among which are distributed in central areas: monumental buildings such as the pyramids, residential complexes for high officials as well as servers, circular plazas of different sizes, altars, and peripheral zone or marginal where houses were found as islands that adjoin the valley.
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